Transformaking symposium, Jogjakarta, Indonesia, sept. 2015
Text and slides of my presentation in the first Transformaking symposium, Jogjakarta, Indonesia, september 2015 http://transformaking.org
Good afternoon,
Thank you for your presence here, and thanks to the organisers of this
important moment.
I am Jean Noël Montagné, founder of a hackerspace in Nice, France, called
Nicelab, " Open Laboratory of Nice". I started cultural collaborations with
HONF foundation, Indonesia, twelve years ago. I was very happy last year,
when HONF team invited me for brainstorming on the future of making and of DIY
spirit, when Gustaff Harriman Iskandar, from Bandung hackerspace,
invented the words Transformaking and Transformakers.
For me, these words are an opportunity to impulse a political perspective in
the Makers's scene in rich countries.
*Makers*
In France, most of the Makers are hobbyists, technolovers, geeks. They create
for fun, for local glory and some, for business. But few of them are makers for
social or political goals. Most of the objects created in fablabs and
makerspaces in the last years are useless regarding the urgent problems of the
planet. Because the planet is on fire. Climate crisis. Energy crisis.
Demography crisis. Water crisis. Metals crisis. Financial cris. Education
crisis, even crisis of mental health because of the abuse of digital
communication.
But stop ! it's enough ! Come back to transformaking, No-one wants to ear this
crude reality !
*No lessons from
the past*
And that's the problem: historians studying the extinction of old civilisations
in the last millinaries have discovered that leaders and populations perfectly
knew the serious problems of their time but they have ignored the scientific
advices and all indicators turning to red, until the end. We are doing exactly
the same and we don't have a lot of time to act. We must transform all sectors
of the society before the conjunction of some important crisis, and
transformakers will help us to do it.
*Interdependency*
In the global village, industry is totaly dependant of flux, networks of raw
materials, energy, goods, tools, components, distribution and transportation.
Any failure on one spot can disturb or stop all the chain, from extraction of
raw materials to distribution of goods. This interdependency is an enormous
fragility in the context of the coming crisis, and transformakers can help us
to break it.
* Resilient society*
We have all noticed that we can't really count on our political systems to find
efficient solutions, we should count on ourselves. We, citizens, can buid
resilient communities, based on small structures, driven by direct democracy,
and based on big citizenship networking. We have the digital tools and
the network to do it.
Transformakers have a key role in this transition from globalisation to
resilience.
Let's have a deeper look in
this crisis instead of being blind to reality. If we are here in Jogyakarta,
it's because we have understood what is coming, and how Transformaking can help
us.
The first crisis to observe with the glasses of Transformaking is climate
crisis.
*Climate crisis *
In december 2015 in France, during the UN conference about climate
change, COP21, a hundred presidents and 25 000 leaders and technocrates will
brainstorm on how to impose radical solutions to nations, or not, for limiting
the rise of the global temperature to 2 degrees more.
For me, it's an announced fail.
A fail because the goals of the meeting started in a wrong direction. Accepting
2 degrees more, in average, on the planet, is accepting violent transformations
of the climate: hurricanes, floods, dryness, wildfires, pollination
problems, soil erosion, insect, animals and vegetal invasions, viruses
emergence, and so on, that will create a giant loose of biodiversity, massive
extinction of species in earth and ocean during years. Look at what's happening
with just a half degree more in the last fourty years, we see important effects
on the poles, on the climatology, on water storage, on agriculture, on the
acidity of ocean.
*Refugees*
So 2 degrees more will create huge environemental and social disorders,
unstability everywhere, wars, starvations. Hundred millions of refugees
could have to move, but move where ?. The management of this mass
of refugees can completely dismantle the actual geopolitic equilibrium (if
any....) and will deeply affect all the planet. A new era of chaos, but a
opportunity for changing radically the system in good directions.
This meeting will be a fail, because the richest countries don't want to change
their way of life in the direction of degrowth, wich is the only realist
solution. And because developing countries with a big growth, like in Asia,
South America or Africa for example, don't want to stop this mad race to
personal enrichment. Look. This is a picture taken here in a street of
Yogyakarta, Indonesia:
*Growth, Degrowth*
Can you imagine what can happen, in terms of energy, in terms of circulation,
in terms of urbanity, in terms of pollution, in terms of fluidity of a
city, and merchandise transport, if all this people earn enough money to buy a
car for rainy days ?
How transformakers can help in the context of climate crisis ?
By helping us to change the scale from globalization to small resilient
networked communities. By helping us to rebuild real direct democracy. By
helping us redefine our urbanisation, our usage of the lands. By helping us to
rebuild our social organisation around knowledge networks.
*Energy
crisis*
Second crisis affecting the world is energy crisis: all our societies and
economies are totally dependent on oil: the actual madness of the low prices
must not mask that conventional Oil had a production peak few years ago. We
live now in the illusion of infinite Unconventional oil and shale gas, but this
new prosperity will have a end. And it will not be possible to drill and
destroy all our lands and groundwater everywhere and continue to produce
greenhouse gas. The planet has a limited quantity of fossil energy in the
ground, and we are reaching the limits in one or two generations, our children.
Coal will stay a durable low cost solution for many countries, but increasing
the global climate chaos. The actual very low cost of oil is a unique
opportunity to invest in renewable energies, but few people, few nations have
understood that. ( 100% renewables soon in New Zealand, Denmark, Bhoutan,
etc)
We imagine how Transformakers can help in the context of energy crisis and
interdependency: in the same direction of autonomy and solidarity. Changing the
scale again. We must harvest clean energy, renewable energy everywhere, and
share it. Hackers and Transformakers have a lot of solutions.
*Ressources
crisis*
The third big crisis, coming at the same time, is a the crisis of ressources:
pure water is missing everywhere because of very bad managements, but the most
important resource crisis will come with metals: here is the previsional
calendar about the peak of production of metals. Source from one famous elit
engineer shcool in france Ecole Centrale:
Peak of metals= huge price increase
Terbium, Hafnium, Antimony ==> crisis 2020/2025 (batteries)
Palladium, Gold , Indium, Zinc ==> crisis 2023/2027 ( computers,
electronics)
Stain, Silver, Nickel ==> crisis 2028/2033 ( food industry, chemistry,
metallurgy)
Lead ==> crisis 2030/2035 ( batteries)
Copper, Tantalum ==> crisis 2035/2040 ( electricity, electronics)
Uranium, Platinium ==> crisis 2060 ( nuclear energy, aerospace,
chemistry)
Iron ==> crisis 2080
Transformakers must help us to redefine our materials strategies our industrial
strategies. How to go from globalization of the production of very bad quality
goods, to small autonomous production of very solid tools and productions ? How
to organise a clever recycling of all materials ? how to change the scale in
the direction of self-democratic management, citizen industry, is again the
problem to solve. And Transformakers have a lot of solutions.
*Economy
crisis*
No lessons have been taken from the 2008 crash. Fragility of the economy grows
with technological improvements in high frequency trading. 95% of daily market
transactions does not involve goods, but only speculation. The
debts of many countries are deeper every day, and those debts places the
political teams under the control of big banks, big monetary regulators driven
by banks, and under the control of big companies wich doesnt care about common
goods. This provoke also a crisis of democracy, of citizenship, of trust into
others.
Hackers and transformakers have always worked on the evolution of money.
Digital encrypted currencies, local moneys, networks of exchange, P2P moneys
are research we should more focus on very quickly, because solutions exist to
be less dependant on banks and markets.
*Transformaking*
Come back to transformaking, and let's have a look to good, positive news,
coming from everywhere in the world.
We discover today that good social, environemental and financial practices have
always existed. Transformaking is the common behaviour in many communities in
the world, especially in rural areas: do it yourself, DIWithOthers, Do It
Together: people invent tools and technologies adapted to their context, to
their pragmatic needs, using few ressources, using local resources,
people repair, they recycle, they hack objects, they transmit the knowledge to
young generations. Poor countries will not suffer as rich countries in the
chaotic future, because they have always lived in the Transformaking
way.
In social organisation, all over the world, small communities use solidarity
structures, monetary arrangements, like barter systems that can be considered
as local money, in a pure peer to peer exchange. The organisation of
traditional communities are big lessons for us and this model just need digital
tools to be adapted to small communities in modern world.
*Sharing knowledge = open sourcing*
Transformaking has had also an official arrival in our society, 30 years ago,
when hackers started to change the world with the first open source
software licences, wich was one of the most powerfull polititcal act of the
XXth century. Artists have followed the movement 20 years ago with open source
documents and artworks licences, and some makers have taken another important
step, ten years ago, with Open Source Hardware licences. This is
transformaking: changing the society by offering alternatives containing the
values of solidarity and knowledge.
Open source technologies, from their concept to production or distribution,
open the possibility of a total citizen control on technology. It's now
possible to envision human-scale industry, citizen industry, decentralized
industry, like our ancestors did before industrial revolution. The ecosystem of
transformaking is self-organised around knowledge networks. Any technological
process can be created or improved by transformakers, because networks of
knowledge, networks of citizen research, networks of materials and
networks of components exists underground. In the recent years, transformakers
have started to design and build very complicated open source machines related
to many sectors of industry, and citizen research attacks now topics like high
tech medecine, nuclear physics, nanotechnologies or genetics. All in Open
Source: Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) and Free Libre Open Source
Hardware (FLOSH)
Patents are living their last twenty years, even in some very protected
niche industries, like for example medical equipements: look at this websites
and initiatives:
One could argue that hackers, transformakers are not regulated by authorities,
certifications, ethic comitees ? and could launch dangerous projects for the
society ? No. They couldn't.
Because we are network of citizens, we are self organized and the debate is
always open in open source technologies. Creation and correction of code, of
designs, follow real democratic rules. Less dangerous than governement or
military-security's projects.
*How to push more transformaking in society ?*
-first by protecting internet and the net neutrality. Networking tools are
essential for democracy and sharing of the knowledge. Big companies like
Facebook and GAFAM are silently killing internet by replacing all software on
the client side, by services driven by their data-suckers servers, associated
to the Panopticon of the Internet Of Things. New global totalitarism.
-by supporting hackers and transformakers projects through their
crowdfundings
-by opening new medialabs, hackerspaces, makerspaces, and open laboratories,
and specialized of them ( biology, health, agriculture, etc)
-by opening places in cities to dismantle, repair, recycle objects, parts, etc
-by choosing to use open source software and open source hardware when
available
-by funding P2P and common goods initiatives on all sectors of society ==>
P2P foundation
-by installing education programms about hacking, about transformaking
-by choosing slow and resilient communication technologies for establishing strong communication and education networks.
*Post capitalist
era*
Transition from globalisation to new resilient small scale networked societies
is necessary and must start now. Transformakers are the first explorers
of a post capitalist era. But they don't move alone. Many new citizen
organisations, new style political movements are following the movement,
but most of them ignore what transformakers are doing. But they do:
Transformakers have started to transform the society through new behaviours
based on local resources, local solidarities, self-management and direct
democracy, and based on global communication and global exchange of
knowledge.
Instead of loosing energy to impulse this vision into standard political
systems, it look more efficient to start building initiatives around
us, responding to our values, co-existing with the actual system,
and if our alternatives are good, if our models takes sense into the society,
they will naturally replace the old system, without war, without
revolutions.
Let's do it. DIY, DIT, DIWO, DIN *
Jean-Noël Montagné, Transformaking Symposium, Jogjakarta, September 2015.
* Do-It-Yourself, Do-It-Together, Do-It-With-Others, Do-It-Now